Why You're Failing At Evolution Korea
Evolution Korea
South Korea's democracy is susceptible to populist tendencies. It's still more stable than we had hoped for.
The country is searching for a new paradigm of development. A Confucian culture that emphasizes respect for ancestors as well as gendered family relations continues influence society. There are indications of a secularist culture trend emerging.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of today's Koreans were capable of surviving by hunting and gathering wild foods. About 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans, and other crops. They also raised livestock and produced furs. They established tribal states in Manchuria, and then on the Korean peninsula. They also developed an industry for metalworking, which produced bronze tools and later iron tools. They traded with other nations and introduced block printing to Japan, as well as art styles as well as a written language and paper making.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon came into existence on the southern part of the peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture that included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. During this period the people of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society with a monarch and top officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy, while the majority of the population were peasants. The state imposed taxes on these citizens and often required them to join the army or work on government projects such as building fortifications.
By the end of this period the state of Baekje was founded by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and was the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. This new kingdom expanded into the southwest of the peninsula, and was at war against the Goguryeo commanderies and China's in the area. Baekje took on Confucian ideas into its state beliefs system in 1390 CE, and made the male-centered concept of filiopiety a tenet. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were accountable to their families and had to be respected and obeyed by all, including their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, a nation that was ruled from 918 to 1392 CE and gave the world the Hangul Alphabet based on the shapes created by the mouth when pronouncing. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. Additionally, movable metal type printing was introduced and woodblock printing was refined. It was during this time that the Samguk sagi or 'History of the Three Kingdoms' was first recorded in 1145 CE.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula was inhabited from Neolithic times to. Early evidence of human settlements can be found in the form of cist graves that were lined with stone, with valuable items like amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures known as dolmens, built from enormous single stones, are common throughout the country.
Gojoseon was the first political state to be recognized during the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was later under the control of a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE), including Baekje and Goguryeo. Moreover, the northern region of the peninsula was occupied by the Balhae kingdom, which most historians do not believe to be a valid Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, or Several States Period. In all of them, Baekje was the most powerful of them all however, its dynasty ended by the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE leaving the southern provinces of Manchuria and the western region around the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy thrived for some time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to work together to expand their territories. Silla with the aid of the Chinese, eventually conquered and united the peninsula in 935.
As Korea is entering a post-crisis period the way it develops appears to be changing. Those who are horrified by the cost of the old system advocate a comprehensive program of liberalization of labor, capital and markets for products. On the other hand the supporters of the old system seek to protect it by promoting nationalist sentiments, as well as by stoking fears of job loss.
Policy and academic analysts are in a tense debate about the extent to the extent that these two developments are driving Koreas evolution towards an entirely new model of economic governance. This article examines the five phases of Korea's evolution in terms of its political development: illiberal democracies (1945-60) democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877) democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and participatory democracy (2002). This article also identifies some significant factors that may be influencing these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have succeeded in promoting their views among this population. A 2009 survey showed that nearly one-third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of the respondents, 41% stated that there was insufficient evidence from science to support the theory 39% of respondents said that the theory was in contradiction to their religious beliefs and 17% claimed it was difficult to comprehend. This level of doubt is similar to that of the United States where a similar percentage of people do not believe that humans evolved from less advanced types of life.
In the past, the majority of the anti-evolution movements in Korea was focused on educating college students and leading them to Christ. In 1980 an all-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the featured speakers. This event attracted a huge number of church leaders and scientists.
The success of this event led to the establishment of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st, 1981. The event was widely covered in national newspapers including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR began publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In look at here , the organization reported on its own activities and published articles on scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated several films and slides from ICR and a few books on creationism that were already in print outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures across the country in churches and universities.
One example of one KACR success story occurred at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at KAIST in Seoul were fascinated by creationism that they raised funds and received funding to build an enlightened museum on campus.
In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine called CREATION, which covers topics in the field of creation science. It has also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established branches in local offices that offer talks and seminars to children and other community groups.
The evolution of South Korea
In the latter half of the nineteenth century and the early 20th century, Korea began to adopt an increasingly Westernized lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok was replaced by miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by rock and roll and jazz. During this period the samulnori, or the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drummers as well as other instruments of music.
The economic crisis has formed Korea's new paradigm of development. The main challenge for the new regime is to strike a balance between market-oriented and state-led policies. It also requires a change in the incentives, monitoring, and disciplining schemes that have shaped the system before the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 & 4.
Baekje was founded by Onjo, prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo was established by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo and other regions as well as migrant workers from northern China. Baekje, a major regional power in the 4th century expanded its territory to Mahan in north and Jeollanam-do south. Consequently, it came into frequent confrontation with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies across the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the development of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He ruled a portion of today's Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju. He was a rival to Goguryeo.
His rule was however only for a short time. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935 and unified Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla, later incorporated Baekje into Goryeo without a fight as his successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the centralized ruling system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. From then on the Korean peninsula was under the control of the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually developed into powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.